Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the
statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Coral have
a. | fins | b. | gills | c. | stinging
tentacles | d. | Chevrolets |
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2.
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Where do coral build their homes?
a. | near hydrothermal vents | b. | in the middle of kelp
forests | c. | on a hard surface in shallow water | d. | 10 miles east of
Chicago |
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3.
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What do coral polyps eat?
a. | crabs | b. | tuna | c. | each
other | d. | plankton |
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4.
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What makes coral reefs bleach?
a. | They get too big. | b. | There are too many fish. | c. | The temperature and
salinity in the water changes. | d. | They want to be camouflaged with the ocean
floor. |
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5.
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Coral reefs cover how much of the Earth’s surface?
a. | Less than 1% | b. | 5% | c. | 12% | d. | 50% |
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6.
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What is a major threat to coral reefs?
a. | Man-eating sharks | b. | Global climate change | c. | Scuba
divers | d. | Asteroids |
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7.
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Rocky intertidal species exposed to air cope with potential desiccation by all
of these means except which one?
a. | Avoiding the hot sun by moving or growing in damp crevices | b. | Sealing up shells
and over coverings to prevent water loss | c. | Having a tolerance for losing up to 90% of the
body water | d. | Having brown shells |
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8.
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A example of sessile epifauna would be a
a. | Barnacle | b. | Starfish | c. | Periwinkle | d. | Soft-shelled
clam |
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9.
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Animals of the upper sandy beach generally feed
a. | On dune plants | b. | On diatoms | c. | By
scavenging | d. | By filtering the water at high tide |
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10.
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Immersion is
a. | submersion in water | b. | exposure to water | c. | exposure to
salinity | d. | exposure to air | e. | living in the sediment
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11.
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The littoral zone is
a. | exposed to the air at low tide and covered by water at high tide | b. | also called the
intertidal zone | c. | regularly exposed to air | d. | all is correct |
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12.
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Epifauna are organisms that live
a. | floating in the water | b. | on the surface of the
substrate | c. | in the substrate | d. | at the surface of the water
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13.
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Regarding rocky coasts, it is known that this type of shore is present
along
a. | geologically young coasts | b. | coasts with high accumulation of
sediments | c. | coasts along the mouth of large rivers | d. | geologically old coasts covered by
sediments |
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14.
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Which strategy do barnacles and mussels use to avoid desiccation at low
tide?
a. | they “clam up” | b. | they hide in moist places | c. | they clamp down
tightly against the rocks | d. | all of the above are correct
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15.
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How does restriction of feeding time affect rocky intertidal organisms?
a. | intertidal organisms grow slowly | b. | it may determine where organisms can live in
the intertidal | c. | intertidal organisms are filter feeders | d. | A and B are
correct |
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16.
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Which one of these is more important than the others as a limiting resource in
rocky intertidal communities?
a. | space | b. | nutrients | c. | food | d. | salinity |
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17.
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The upper limit of rocky intertidal communities typically is determined by
a. | biological interactions only | b. | physical factors only | c. | biological
interactions and physical factors | d. | neither physical factors or biological
interactions |
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18.
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The lower limit of rocky intertidal communities typically is determined
by
a. | biological interactions only | b. | physical factors only | c. | biological
interactions and physical factors | d. | neither physical factors or biological
interactions |
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19.
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One organism typical of the upper intertidal on rocky shores is
a. | mussels | b. | barnacles | c. | sea
anemones | d. | periwinkle snails |
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20.
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The middle rocky intertidal zone is characterized by
a. | constant wetting by splash and spray | b. | long exposure to air | c. | steady
immersion | d. | exposure and immersion on a regular basis | e. | splashing during
high tide and complete exposure at low tide |
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21.
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Predation by sea stars on rocky shores ultimately results in
a. | fewer species | b. | decrease in the number of sea
weeds | c. | increase in the number of mussels | d. | more species |
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22.
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Detritus
a. | is scarce in sandy soft bottom intertidal areas | b. | is dead organic
matter | c. | is the main source of food for intertidal soft-bottom communities | d. | is broken down by
decay bacteria | e. | all of the above are correct |
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23.
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Invertebrates make up
a. | 79% of all species of animals | b. | 50% of all species of
animals | c. | 97% of all species of animals | d. | 99% of all species | e. | none of the above
are correct |
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24.
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Sponges and all filter feeders use the following as a food source
a. | plankton only | b. | all particulate matter suspended in
water | c. | particular matter that deposits on the bottom | d. | dead plankton
only | e. | vegetable matter in the water |
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25.
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Organisms that live attached to the bottom are ________; organisms that move
around on the bottom are _________.
a. | green; red | b. | sessile; mobile | c. | mobile;
sessile | d. | spongin; swimming | e. | plankton; nekton
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26.
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Nematocysts
a. | are used by cniderians for capturing prey | b. | have threads that
may be armed with spines | c. | are a fluid-filled capsule | d. | may contain
toxins | e. | all of the above are correct |
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27.
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Cephalopods
a. | include the octopuses and squids | b. | are voracious predators | c. | have large, complex
eyes | d. | have tentacles and arms, derived from the foot | e. | all of the above are
correct |
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28.
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Bivalves
a. | typically have coiled shells | b. | typically have a 2-part
shell | c. | have tentacles and arms | d. | typically lack shells | e. | have eight
overlapping plates |
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29.
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The zoea larva of a crab is planktonic, and is an example of
a. | Meroplankton. | b. | Holoplankton. | c. | Picoplankton. | d. | Phytoplankton. |
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30.
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Which of these does not apply to areas with upwelling?
a. | The water is rich in nutrients. | b. | The water is cold. | c. | Upwelling occurs
year-round. | d. | Fishing is good. |
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31.
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Nekton
a. | is a general term for any marine environment | b. | is the water column,
away from the bottom or shore | c. | refers to floating
organisms | d. | is a general term for organisms that swim | e. | none of the above
are correct |
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32.
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Upwelling
a. | may result in very high primary production levels | b. | may occur as a
result of Ekman transport | c. | is when nutrient-rich waters come up to the
surface | d. | may occur as a result of divergence of equatorial waters | e. | all of the above are
correct |
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33.
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An example of a primary producer is a
a. | Killer whale. | b. | Diatom. | c. | Copepod. | d. | Small fish. |
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34.
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A killer whale is considered to be a ____________ level consumer, while a baleen
whale is a ___________ level consumer.
a. | Sixth, second | b. | Second, sixth | c. | Sixth,
first | d. | Third, second |
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35.
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The relationship in which two co-habiting or cooperating organisms benefit each
other is called
a. | Symbiosis. | b. | Coevolution. | c. | Commensalism. | d. | Mutualism. |
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36.
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Which one of the following is not an abiotic factor
a. | salinity | b. | substrate | c. | predation | d. | temperature | e. | light |
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37.
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The relationship between zooanthellae and reef corals is an example of
a. | mutualism | b. | predation | c. | commensalism | d. | parasitism | e. | cleaning
symbiosis |
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38.
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What is primary production?
a. | two organisms in a symbiotic relationship cannot live without one
another | b. | organisms that use solar energy to make organic matter | c. | the conversion of
carbon dioxide into organic matter by autotrophs | d. | feeding relationships in an
ecosystem | e. | a progression of who eats whom in an ecosystem |
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39.
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Organisms that break down non-living organic material and release nutrients back
into the environment for use by autotrophs are
a. | autotrophs | b. | regenerators | c. | primary
producers | d. | decomposers |
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40.
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What areas of the pelagic ocean have the highest productivity?
a. | coral reefs | b. | coastal upwelling areas | c. | salt
marshes | d. | mangrove forest |
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41.
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Benthic organisms
a. | live in the water column | b. | live attached to one place | c. | live on or buried in
the bottom | d. | actively swim |
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42.
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Phytoplankton are
a. | organisms that passively float in the water column | b. | the autotrophic
portion of the plankton | c. | photosynthetic organisms | d. | responsible for
primary production | e. | all of the above are
correct |
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43.
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Organisms that live in the water column are
a. | benthic | b. | pelagic | c. | sessile | d. | all air breathers | e. | all of the above are
correct |
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44.
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An example of a jawless fish is
a. | ray | b. | shark | c. | hagfish | d. | whale shark | e. | skate |
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45.
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The whale shark feeds on
a. | plankton | b. | large fishes | c. | small
fishes | d. | organic matter from the bottom | e. | bottom-dwelling fishes and
clams |
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46.
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Fishes with bodies flattened top-to-bottom typically have what type of
lifestyle?
a. | they are slow swimmers whose shape contributes to their lifestyle in some
way. | b. | they are good at maneuvering around obstacles, such as corals reefs or kelp
beds | c. | they are large, fast-swimming predators | d. | they are bottom
dwellers | e. | they are highly maneuverable, able to fit in tight spaces, and slow
swimmers |
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47.
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Why do fishes school?
a. | there may be advantages for finding mates | b. | schools may provide
protection from predation | c. | schooling may increase swimming
efficiency | d. | there may be advantages for finding food | e. | all of the above are
correct |
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48.
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Which one of these is a toothed whale?
a. | dolphin | b. | right | c. | gray | d. | fin or finback | e. | blue |
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49.
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An example of a baleen whale is
a. | common porpoise | b. | orca | c. | sperm | d. | blue | e. | manatee |
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50.
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The largest of all the whales is the
a. | right | b. | blue | c. | orca | d. | gray | e. | sperm |
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51.
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The International Whaling Commission
a. | is the international body responsible for cetacean management and
conservation | b. | bans the hunting of marine mammals in U.S. territorial waters | c. | regulates the
interaction between humans and marine mammals | d. | bans the importation of marine products into
the United States | e. | all of the above are correct
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52.
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Seals can be readily distinguished from the sea lions because in contrast to sea
lions
a. | seals have a long neck | b. | seals are clumsy and use only their front
flippers on land | c. | seals have ventral flippers that do not rotate forward easily | d. | seals have tails
that rotate forward | e. | seals have external ears
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53.
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Stranding
a. | is a behavior exhibited by some cetaceans | b. | usually results in
death of the individual(s) | c. | is when a group of cetaceans beach themselves
and won’t return to the ocean | d. | may be the result of human-caused sounds in the
ocean that injure cetaceans | e. | all of the above are
correct |
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54.
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Bachelor groups
a. | are groups of male seals that are too old to compete successfully for
mates | b. | are groups of male orca that are too young to compete successfully for
mates | c. | are groups of male sea turtles that guard nesting beaches | d. | are groups of
immature male dolphins that play together | e. | are groups of male sea lions that cannot
maintain a harem of females |
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